STOCKCOP.AISTOCKCOP.AIA share is a piece of a company. If the company does well, the price can rise. If it doesn't, it falls. Meme-stocks are perfectly ordinary shares — they just suddenly have half the internet behind them.
A call is the right to buy at a fixed price until a deadline. People buy them betting on a rise. If it doesn't come, the option expires worthless — and the premium you paid is gone. Not part of it. All of it.
A put is the mirror image: the right to sell at a fixed price. People buy them betting on a fall, or to insure a position. Same risk, same ending if it goes wrong: worthless.
Shorting means borrowing a share, selling it now, buying it back cheaper later. If the price rises instead, losses are theoretically unlimited — there's no ceiling above you. That's exactly how a short squeeze happens. The GME story is nothing else.
Options are leveraged: small moves become large ones — in both directions. They're complex, they expire, and for most beginners they're the wrong tool. Regulated brokers make you pass a knowledge test first. Not out of spite.
Solid explanations to start with. We link stable channels and searches so the links don't rot by tomorrow: